Amplification of the northern hemisphere seasonal cycle of insolation during the mid-Holocene causes a northward shift of the main regions of monsoon precipitation over Africa and India in all 18 simulations conducted for the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Differences among simulations are related to differences in model formulation. Despite qualitative agreement with paleoecological estimates of biome shifts, the magnitude of the monsoon increases over northern Africa are underestimated by all the models.
S. Joussaume, P. Braconnot,
C. Bonfils, V. Masson,
N. de Noblet, J. Y. Peterschmitt,
Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l´Environnement,
UMR CEA-CNRS 1572, CEA Saclay bat 709,
91191 Gif sur Yvette cedex, France Tel: (33) 1-69-08-77-11
; Fax: (33) 1-69-08-77-16 ; email: pmipweb@lsce.ipsl.fr
K. E. Taylor, PCMDI,
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
Tel: (510) 423-3623 ; Fax: (510) 422-7675 email:
taylor13@llnl.gov
J. Mitchell, C. Hewitt,
Hadley Centre, Bracknell, RG12 2SZ, UK.
Tel: (44) 1344-85-6613 ; Fax: (44) 1344-85-6912 ;
email: jfbmitchell@meto.gov.uk
J. E. Kutzbach, Center
for Climatic Research, Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Tel: (608) 262-2839. FAX: (608) 263-4190
E-mail address: jek@facstaff.wisc.edu
S.P. Harrison, Dynamic
Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S-22100 Lund, Sweden
and Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach
10 01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
Tel: 946) 46-222-9773 or 415-22248 ; Fax: (46) 46-222-3635
or 415-22031
email: vxt_saha@luecology.ecol.lu.se
I. C. Prentice, School
of Ecology, Lund University, Sslvegatan 37, S-22362 Lund, Sweden and
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 10
01 64, D-07701 Jena, Germany.
Tel: (46) 415-22248 ; Fax: (46) 415-22031 ; email: colin@planteco.lu.se
D. Jolly, School of Ecology,
Lund University, Sslvegatan 37, S-22362 Lund, Sweden; Dynamic
Palaeoclimatology, Lund University, Box 117, S-22100
Lund, Sweden and Max Planck
Institute for Biogeochemistry, Postfach 10 01 64, D-07701
Jena, Germany.
Tel: (46) 46-222-3132 ; Fax: (46) 46-222-3742 ;
email: djolly@planteco.lu.se
A. Abe-Ouchi, Center
for Climate System Research, Univ. Tokyo, Tokyo 153, Japan.
Tel.: (81) 3 5453.3972; Fax.: (81) 3 5453.3964
email: abeouchi@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp
P. J. Bartlein, Dpt.
of Geography, Univ. Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1251, USA
Tel: (541) 346-4967 ; Fax: (541) 346-2067 ; email:
bartlein@oregon.uoregon.edu
A. J. Broccoli, NOAA/Geophysical
Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton Univ.,
Princeton, NJ 08542, USA. Tel: (609) 452-6671 ; Fax:
(609) 987-5063 ; email: ajb@gfdl.gov
B. Dong and P. Valdes,
Dpt. of Meteorology, Univ. reading, RG6 6BB, UK.
Tel: (44) 118-931-6517 ; Fax: (44) 118-931-8305
email: P.J.Valdes@reading.ac.uk
J. Guiot, IMEP CNRS, Faculte
de St-Jerome, case 451, 13397 Marseille cedex 20, France
Tel: (33) 4-91-28-80-11 ; Fax: (33) 4-91-28-86-68;
email: JOEL.GUIOT@LBHP.U-3MRS.FR
K. Herterich and U. Wyputta,
Univ. Bremen, 28334 Bremen, Germany.
Tel: (49) 0-421-218-3579 ; Fax: (49) 0-421-218-3116
email: ulli@wyputta.de
J. W. Kim, Yonsei University,
Seoul 110-360, Korea.
Tel: (82) 02-361-2683 ; Fax: (82) 02-365-5163 ;
email: jwkim@atmos.yonsei.ac.kr
A. Kislov, Dpt Meteorology
and Climatology, Univ. Moscow, 119899 Moscow, Russia.
Tel: (7) 095-939-2942 ; Fax: (7) 095-932-8836 ;email:
kislov@gis.geogr.msu.su
A. Kitoh, Meteorological
Research Institute, Tsukuba 305-0052, Japan.
Tel: +81-298-53-8594; fax: +81-298-55-2552;
email: kitoh@mri-jma.go.jp
M.F. Loutre, Institut
d'Astronomie et de Geophysique G. Lemaitre,
Universite Catholique de
Louvain, 2 Chemin du Cyclotron, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve,
BELGIUM
Tel: (32) 10 47.3297, Fax.: (32) 10
47.4722, email: loutre@astr.ucl.ac.be
B. McAvaney, Bureau
of Meteorology Research Centre, Melbourne, Australia.
Tel: (61) 3-9669-4134 ; Fax: (61) 3-9669-4660 ; email:
bma@bom.gov.au
N. McFarlane, Canadian
Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, BC V8W2Y2,
Canada. Tel: (604) 363-8227; Fax: (604) 363-8247);
email: nmcfarlane@uvic.bc.doe.ca
W. R. Peltier and G. Vettoretti,
Dpt Atmospheric Science, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario,
M5S1A7, Canada Tel: (416) 978-5213 ; Fax:
(416) 978-8905 email: guido@atmosp.physics.utoronto.ca.
D. Pollard and S. Thompson,
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO 80307, USA.
Tel: (814) 865-2022 ; Fax: (814) 865-3191 ; email:
pollard@essc.psu.edu
D. Rind, NASA Goddard Institute
for Space Studies, NY10025 , USA.
Tel.: 1 (212) 678.5593; Fax.:
1 (212) 678.5552; email: cddhr@giss.nasa.gov
J. F. Royer, Centre National
de Recherches Meterologiques, Meteo-France,31057 Toulouse,
France Tel: +33 (0)561 07 93 77; fax:
+33 (0)561 07 96 10; e-mail: jean-francois.royer@meteo.fr
M. E. Schlesinger,
Dpt Atmospheric Sciences, Univ. Illinois, Urbana IL 61801, USA.
Tel: (217) 333-2192 ; Fax: (217) 244-4393 ; email:
schlesin@crg50.atmos.uiuc.edu
J. Syktus, CSIRO Division
of Atmospheric Research, Victoria, and Queensland Centre for
Climate Applications, Department of Natural Resources,
Indooroopilly, Qld 4068,
Australia Tel: (61)-3-9239-4548 ; Fax: (61)-3-9239-4644
; email: Jozef.Syktus@dar.csiro.au
R. S. Webb, NOAA Paleoclimatology
Program, National Geophysical Data Center, Boulder,
CO 80303, USA. Tel: (303) 497-6967 ; Fax:
(303) 497-6513 ; email: rwebb@ngdc.noaa.gov